Open Access Statement

Jurnal Ilmiah dan Riset Akademik is a fully open-access journal. All content is made freely available to readers and institutions immediately upon publication, without any subscription fees, registration barriers, or embargo periods.

The journal adopts the Gold Open Access model, in which:

• All published articles are immediately and permanently accessible online at no cost to readers.
• Users are free to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of all articles without prior permission from the publisher or author, provided appropriate credit is given.
• All articles are published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).

We believe that open access to peer-reviewed scholarly research enhances the global exchange of knowledge, accelerates scientific discovery, and maximizes the societal impact of research — particularly in developing countries.

Note: Some figures, tables, or text within articles may be reproduced from third-party copyrighted sources. In such cases, the original copyright terms of those sources apply. Authors are responsible for obtaining the necessary permissions for any third-party material used in their manuscripts.